Smart Innovations
This project involves the development of a 3D, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system located in Kfarmatta, Lebanon, utilizing historical climate data from 1991 to 2010. The system comprises 432 PV modules with a total installed capacity of 237.6 kWp, covering a generator surface area of 1,116 m². Installed in an open, south-facing area, the system is configured with a single inverter (model veichi v1, sizing factor 118.8%) operating across a three-phase AC mains at 230 V. The system achieves a high Performance Ratio (PR) of 84.7% and experiences minimal yield reduction due to shading (0.1% per year). It generates approximately 409,844 kWh annually, with a specific yield of 1,724.84 kWh/kWp, and helps avoid the emission of over 192,600 kg of CO₂ per year, contributing significantly to sustainable energy production and environmental impact reduction.
📊 System Overview
| Metric | Value | Explanation |
| PV Generator Output | 237.6 kWp | The peak power capacity of the solar array under standard test conditions. |
| Specific Annual Yield | 1,724.84 kWh/kWp | Indicates the annual energy output per kWp installed. A higher value reflects better performance depending on location, weather, and system efficiency. |
| Performance Ratio (PR) | 84.7% | This measures system efficiency, accounting for losses (e.g., temperature, wiring, inverter). PR above 80% is considered very good. |
| Shading Yield Reduction | 0.1% per year | Extremely low shading losses – excellent design or site selection. |
âš¡ Energy Generation & Consumption
| Metric | Value | Explanation |
| Annual Grid Feed-in | 409,844 kWh | Total energy sent to the grid annually – this represents the usable energy produced by the system. |
| First Year Grid Feed-in (after degradation) | 409,844 kWh | This confirms no degradation has been applied in the first year (some systems apply 0.5–1% degradation per year). |
| Inverter Standby Consumption | 22 kWh/year | Minor consumption – negligible compared to total generation. |
🌱 Environmental Impact
| Metric | Value | Explanation |
| CO₂ Emissions Avoided | 192,616 kg/year | Based on the grid emissions factor – this indicates the environmental benefit of replacing fossil-fuel-generated electricity. Equivalent to taking ~40 cars off the road (depending on local emissions factors). |
🧾 Quick Takeaways
- Excellent PR (84.7%) and high specific yield (1,724.84 kWh/kWp) indicate a well-optimized and efficient system.
- Very low shading losses (0.1%) suggest near-ideal installation conditions.
- Large energy generation (409,844 kWh/year) could support dozens of homes or a medium-sized commercial facility.
- Significant COâ‚‚ reduction confirms this system has a strong environmental impact.